The honest answer is — it depends.
But there is a reliable starting point.

STARTING RATIO

A good baseline is 1:1 (water : glaze powder) by weight.

For LAVA, CRATER & VOLCANIC glazes to achieve more pronounced texture we recommend using less water — approximately 0.7:1.

In practice, I always recommend starting slightly thicker, then gradually adding water as you go. It’s far easier to thin a glaze than to fix one that has become too runny.

Get detailed GLAZE MIXING GUIDELINES AND WATER: POWDER RATIO in my blog

For consistency and repeatable results, working with Specific Gravity (SG) is essential.

As a general guide:

• Spraying: ~1.40 (thinner)

• Dipping: ~1.45 (medium)

• Brushing: ~1.50 (thicker)

This means:
100 ml of glaze should weigh between 140–150 g, depending on your application method.

Special-effect glazes — such as lava or crawl glazes — often benefit from being even thicker, but this still depends on how you apply them (dipping, brushing, layering).

Always begin thicker and slowly add water.

If your glaze becomes too thin:

• Let it settle for a few hours

• Carefully pour off excess water from the top

This is a simple but very effective way to correct consistency.

You don’t need any special equipment to measure Specific Gravity accurately.

The simplest and most reliable method is weighing.

WHAT YOU NEED:

• a digital scale

• a container or cup

• water

• your glaze

STEP-BY-STEP:

1. Place your empty container on the scale and tare it to zero

2. Fill it with exactly 100 ml of water → this should weigh 100 g
   (this helps you confirm your measurement reference)

3. Empty and dry the container

4. Fill it with 100 ml of your glaze

5. Weigh it

HOW TO READ THE RESULT:

• 140 g = SG 1.40 (good for spraying)

• 145 g = SG 1.45 (good for dipping)

• 150 g = SG 1.50 (good for brushing)

This method is:

• fast

• accurate

• repeatable

…and once you start using it, it becomes an essential part of your glaze routine.

A SMALL BUT IMPORTANT HABIT

Always record:

• the SG

• your application method

• and the firing result

Over time, this becomes your personal glaze map — and this is where real control begins.

Exact water amounts cannot be prescribed universally, as they depend on:

• application method (brushing, dipping, spraying, layering)

• clay body absorption

• desired thickness and effect

Some glazes prefer thick application, others need to be built in layers.

All of our glaze recipes are developed and tested in high-fired oxidation, specifically at cone 7/8 (around 1260 °C), and generally perform within the cone 6–9 range.

You will see CONE 6-8 glaze section and cone 7-9.

If choosing the higher range (cone 7-9) for cone 6 firing- the surfaces you see in the photos — the way the glaze pools, breaks, flows, or develops texture — rely on the glaze reaching at least the lower end of this maturity range.

WHAT HAPPENS AT CONE 6?

When fired lower, such as cone 6 (around 1220 °C), the glaze may not fully develop the same effect.

You may observe:

• a more matte or drier surface

• less movement or pooling

• slightly different color development

IS IT STILL POSSIBLE?

Yes — many potters do experiment with these glazes at cone 6 and sometimes achieve interesting results.

However, because we have not tested them at this temperature, we cannot guarantee:

• the final surface

• or the effects shown in our examples

HOW TO GET CLOSER RESULTS AT LOWER TEMPERATURES

If your kiln reaches around 1220 °C, you are already quite close to the intended glaze behavior.

You can also increase heatwork by:

• slowing down the firing

• adding a soak/hold at peak temperature

This can help the glaze mature more fully, even if the peak temperature is slightly lower.

When a cone 6-8 glaze is fired hotter (cone 9–10), it simply melts more than intended — and that changes everything:

• More fluid / can run → edges soften, risk of dripping

• Glossier surface → matte/satin can turn glossy

• Crystals → may either develop more or fully melt out (losing texture)

• Lava glazes → bubbles can collapse and smooth out, glaze may become runny

• Color shifts → often deeper/darker or slightly burnt out depending on oxides

We always recommend testing — especially when pushing temperatures. Our 100g sample packs are perfect for this, so you can explore how a glaze behaves in your own kiln before committing.

With glazes — especially special-effect surfaces — the following factors all play a role:

• glaze thickness

• application method (dipping, brushing, spraying, layering)

• firing temperature

• firing curve (speed, holds, cooling)

• kiln position (top, middle, bottom shelf)

• clay body

Are crystal, metallic & crackle glazes food safe?

In short — yes. All glazes used here are formulated for functional ware and would pass standard EU and FDA lead & cadmium migration testing, simply because they do not contain lead or cadmium-based materials.

For a deeper guide (including acids, durability, staining, long-term use, and how ceramic safety is actually tested), explore here:

https://www.laimaceramics.com/blog/2025/12/2/navigating-the-world-of-special-effect-glazes-a-guide-for-potters-and-customers 🤍

Matte and satin‑matte glazes are beloved for their soft, stone‑like surfaces, subtle light absorption, and quiet, earthy presence on the table.

One common questions we receive from clients — concerns cutlery marks on matte glazes.

For a deeper guide explore our blog: https://www.laimaceramics.com/blog/2025/12/19/cutlery-marks-on-matte-glazes-what-they-are-and-why-they-happen

We fire in ROHDE TE 200S BH TOPLOADER.

Our BISQUE is to 980C with 30min soak and our high-fire is:

60°C / hr » 300°C.

80°C / hr » 1230°C (≈1260°C actual

heat work confirmed by cones).

30 min soak, natural cool down.

We use this schedule for all the glazes shown, including LAVA and CRYSTALLINE glazes.

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If you would like to place a VAT-free order as a company, please contact us before purchasing with your company name, VAT number, and order details — we’ll then prepare a custom invoice for you.